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Barcode Technology - EAN-13
Barcode
Hide the description |
EAN-13 is unique identifiers
(barcodes) used to identify new,
branded products sold at retail.
The products contain
the EAN number or GTIN (Global
Trade Item Number) to identify
itself. |
Valid characters:
0123456789 |
EAN-13 is one of the many
barcode formats currently in
use. |
A Barcode is a method of
representing data in a visual,
machine-readable form. |
The barcode formats has two
categories: |
One-dimensional (1D) ---
Barcodes represented data by
varying the widths and spacings
of parallel lines. |
Two-dimensional (2D) --- Using
rectangles, dots, hexagons and
other geometric patterns to
represented data. |
EAN-13 is 1D barcode.
GTIN-13 number encoded
in EAN-13 barcode. The
first digit is always
placed outside the
symbol; additionally a
right ">" indicator is
used to indicate a
"Quiet Zone" that is
necessary for barcode
scanners to work
properly.
EAN-13 has 12 digits and
1 check digit. |
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|
EAN - European Article Number,
but is now referred to as The
International Article Number. It
is a standard
describing abarcode symbology and numbering
system used in global trade to
identify a specific retail
product type, in a specific
packaging configuration, from a
specific manufacturer. EAN
barcodes are used worldwide for
lookup at retail point of sale,
each retail product has its
unique EAN-13 number. |
EAN barcodes only represent the
digits 0¨C9, it cannot represent
other characters. |
The most commonly used EAN
standard is the thirteen-digit
EAN-13, the less commonly used
8-digit EAN-8 barcode
was introduced for use on small
packages, where EAN-13 would be
too large. 2-digit EAN-2 and
5-digit EAN-5 are supplemental
barcodes, placed on the
right-hand side of EAN-13 or UPC.
These are generally used for
periodicals like magazines or
books, to indicate the current
year's issue number; and weighed
products like food, to indicate
the manufacturer's suggested
retail price. |
The 13-digit EAN-13 number
consists of four components:
** GS1 prefix - 3 digits
The first three digits of the
EAN-13 identify the GS1 Member
Organization which the
manufacturer has joined (not
necessarily where the product is
actually made). Each
manufacturer by the numbering
authority indicated by the GS1
Prefix. Some EAN-13
codes which beginning with 0 are
actually 12-digit UPC codes with
prepended 0 digit.
** Manufacturer code -
variable length
The manufacturer code is a
unique code assigned to each
manufacturer. EAN-13 uses
"variable-length manufacturer
codes". Assigning fixed-length
5-digit manufacturer codes,
means that each manufacturer can
have up to 99,999 product codes.
In the publishing industry( ISBN
and ISSN), this component is
used to identify the language in
which the publication was issued
and managed by a transnational
agency covering several
countries.
** Product code - variable
length
The product code is assigned by
the manufacturer. The product
code immediately follows
manufacturer code. The total
length of manufacturer code plus
product code should be 9 or 10
digits depending on the length
of country code (2-3 digits). In
ISBN, ISMN and ISSN, it uniquely
identifies the publication from
the same publisher.
** Check digit
The check digit is an additional
digit, used to verify that a
barcode has been scanned
correctly. It is computed modulo
10, where the weights in the
checksum calculation alternate 3
and 1. In particular, since the
weights are relatively prime to
10, the EAN-13 system will
detect all single digit errors.
It also recognizes 90% of
transposition errors (all cases,
where the difference between
adjacent digits is not 5). |
Calculation of checksum digit
The checksum is calculated as
sum of products - taking an
alternating weight value (3 or
1) times the value of each data
digit. The checksum digit is the
digit, which must be added to
this checksum to get a number
divisible by 10 (i.e. the
additive inverse of the
checksum, modulo 10). See
ISBN-13 check digit calculation
for a more extensive description
and algorithm. The Global
Location Number(GLN) also uses
the same method. |
Human Readable:
Most barcodes display their
corresponding values below them,
which makes it possible to human
read and manually enter
the barcode values into the
equivalent system when the
barcode label is worn out and
cannot be read by the barcode
scanner. |
The different of EAN and UPC
(Universal Product Code):
They are both Global Trade Item
Numbers (GTINs), with the
difference being UPCs are one
digit shorter (12) and are more
commonly used in the United
States and Canada. |
Advantages:
It's not required to label all
articles with the price. The
price is stored in the database
and can be accessed via the
barcode number. There is no need
to manually calculate the price
of the product. You only need to
use the POST system to scan the
EAN barcode on each product
purchased by a customer. Because
each product has its own unique
EAN number, the POST system can
get the corresponding price of
each product in the database and
calculate the total amount. It
is fast and safe because there
is no way to make a mistake.
|
History:
In 1977 the EAN code was used by
12 countries (all the countries
of the European Community).
Today, use of the EAN code has
spread to all west European
countries, USA, Canada,
Australia and Japan. Today the
EAN is called GTIN (Global Trade
Item Number). |
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Frequently Asked Questions About
EAN-13 Barcode |
|
What is the
origin and development process of the EAN-13 barcode? |
EAN-13 is the
abbreviation of European Article Number, a barcode protocol and
standard used in supermarkets and other retail industries.
EAN-13 is
established on the basis of the UPC-A standard established by
the United States. The EAN-13 barcode has one more
country/region code than the UPC-A barcode in order to meet the
needs of international applications. The UPC-A barcode is a
barcode symbol used to track goods in stores. It is only used in
the United States and Canada. It was developed by the United
States (Uniform Code Council) in 1973 and has been used since
1974. It is The earliest barcode system used for product
settlement in supermarkets.
EAN-13 consists
of a prefix code, manufacturer identification code, product item
code and check code, with a total of 13 digits. Its encoding
follows the principle of uniqueness and can ensure that it is
not repeated worldwide.
The EAN-13
barcode is mainly used in supermarkets and other retail
industries and is a very common product barcode.
The EAN-13
barcode standard was formulated by the International Commodity
Barcode Association. It is a world-wide commodity barcode system
that is designed to facilitate the identification and
circulation of commodities. The EAN-13 barcode standard
specifies the barcode structure, encoding method, printing
requirements, etc.
EAN International
(EAN) is a non-profit international organization founded in 1977
and headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. Its purpose is to
formulate and improve a globally unified commodity barcode
system and provide value-added services for optimizing
enterprise supply chain management. Its member organizations
span the globe. |
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Why don't the
United States and Canada use EAN-13 barcodes? |
The reason why
the United States and Canada do not use EAN-13 is because they
early adopted the UPC-A barcode as the standard for product
barcodes. The UPC-A barcode was produced by the United States
Uniform Code Committee.
The coding
length is 12 digits and only supports 0-9. number. The EAN-13
barcode was later developed by the International Article
Numbering Center. The code length is 13 digits and only supports
numbers 0-9, but it has an additional country/region code.
In fact, the UPC-A
barcode can be regarded as a special case of the EAN-13 barcode,
which is the EAN-13 barcode with the first digit set to 0.
Therefore, EAN-13 barcodes and UPC-A barcodes are compatible as
long as the scanning device can recognize both types of
barcodes. |
|
What is the
difference between EAN-13 barcode and UPC-A barcode? |
The EAN-13
barcode has one more country/region code than the UPC-A barcode.
In fact, the UPC-A barcode can be regarded as a special case of
the EAN-13 barcode, that is, the first digit is set to 0. 13
barcodes.
The EAN-13
barcode is developed by the International Article Numbering
Center and is universally used. The code length is 13 digits,
and the first two digits represent the country or region code.
The UPC-A barcode
is produced by the United States Uniform Code Committee and is
mainly used in the United States and Canada. The code length is
12 digits, and the first digit indicates the numeric system
code.
The EAN-13
barcode and the UPC-A barcode have the same structure and
verification method, similar appearance, and both have grooves.
The EAN-13
barcode is a superset of the UPC-A barcode and is compatible
with the UPC-A barcode. |
|
What is the
difference between EAN-13 barcode and EAN-128 barcode? |
The EAN-13
barcode is just a product code. In addition to the product code,
the EAN-128 barcode can also include various product-related
information, such as weight, quantity, consumption date, etc.
The data length
of the EAN-13 barcode is fixed at 13 bits, and the data length
of the EAN-128 barcode is variable, depending on the data
content, but it must be an even number of digits.
The EAN-13
barcode is universal. The EAN-128 barcode is a special
application of the Code 128 barcode. It must be used in the EAN/UCC
system to represent the information of the storage and
transportation unit or logistics unit of the commodity. |
|
Will the EAN-13
barcode be replaced by the EAN-128 barcode? |
No, because the
application scope and purpose of EAN-13 barcode and EAN-128
barcode are different.
The EAN-13
barcode is used to represent the basic information of the
commodity, such as country, manufacturer and product, while the
EAN-128 barcode is used to represent the information of the
storage and transportation unit or logistics unit of the
commodity, such as weight, quantity, date, etc. Therefore, the
EAN-13 barcode and the EAN-128 barcode can be used at the same
time or selected according to different needs.
At present, the
EAN-13 barcode is still the universal commodity barcode and
there is no sign of being replaced by the EAN-128 barcode. |
|
If I have a UPC
code, do I still need to apply for an EAN? |
Unnecessary. Both
UPC and EAN can identify goods. Although the former originated
in the United States, it is part of the global GS1 system, so if
you register UPC under the GS1 organization, it can be used
globally. If there is a requirement for 13 digits, you can add
the number 0 in front of the UPC code.
UPC-A barcodes
can be converted to EAN-13 barcodes by adding a leading 0. For
example, the UPC-A barcode 012345678905 corresponds to the
EAN-13 barcode 0012345678905. This will not only ensure
compatibility with UPC-A barcodes, but also enable your barcodes
to cope with international exchanges. |
|
What are the
advantages and disadvantages of EAN-13 barcodes? |
Advantage:
The EAN-13
barcode is a world-wide commodity barcode that can encode a
relatively large amount of data in a small area and ensure that
it is not repeated worldwide.
It has strong
applicability and can be used in supermarkets and retail
industries.
Flexible to
accommodate products or assets of different sizes and shapes.
Shortcoming:
It takes up a lot
of space and requires higher print quality and scanning
accuracy. |
|
Please list some
examples of applications of EAN-13 barcodes in store management. |
EAN-13 barcodes
are mainly used in supermarkets and other retail industries to
identify the country, manufacturer and item code of goods.
Application
examples:
Used in POS
systems to quickly scan product information and prices to
improve checkout efficiency and accuracy.
Used for
inventory management, tracking the incoming and outgoing goods,
and preventing shortages or excesses.
Used for market
analysis, collecting product sales data, and understanding
consumer needs and preferences. |
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4 types of EAN
barcodes |
EAN-13: The
original 13-digit format, suitable for countries around the
world except the United States and Canada, which use UPC
barcodes.
EAN-8: 8-bit
compressed version suitable for small products.
EAN-5: A 5-digit
extension appended to the EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode to indicate
currency and price.
EAN-2: A 2-digit
extension appended to the end of the EAN-13 or UPC-A barcode to
indicate the issue number of magazines and newspapers. |
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